Bishkek (in Kyrgyz and Russian: Бишкек), formerly Pishpek and Frunze, is the capital and the largest city of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek is also the administrative centre. The city is located in the north of Kyrgyzstan, in the Chui valley, at the piedmot of Tian Shan mountain range, in 40 km to the north from Kyrgyz ridge, in 25 km from border with Kazakhstan.
Bishkek is located in the centre of the Chui valley, at a foot of Kirghiz ridges Ala-Too, at the height of 760 metres above sea level. Bishkek on environmental conditions occupies extreme southern position in continental area of a climate of midlatitudes.
Bishkek has a continental, semi-arid climate averaging 322 clear days annually due to its mountainous location. Average precipitation is 380 millimetres per year. Average daily temperatures range from −4 °C in January to about 26 °C during July. Average monthly relative humidity increases from 44 % in June and July to 74 % in March, mid-annual — 60 %. Through a city the rivers proceed are Ala-Archa, Alamedin, Big Chui Channel (BCC).
Though the city is relatively young, the surrounding area has some sites of interest dating from prehistory, the Greco-Buddhist period, the period of Nestorian influence, the era of the Central Asian khanates, and the Soviet period.
City centre attraction:
* State Historical Museum, located in Ala-Too Square, the main city square
* State Museum of Applied Arts, containing examples of Kyrgyz traditional handicrafts
* Frunze House Museum
* Statue of Ivan Panfilov stands in the park near the White House.
* An equestrian statue of Mikhail Frunze still stands in a large park (Boulevard Erkindik) across from the train station.
* The train station itself was built in 1946 by German prisoners of war.
* The main government building, the White House, is a huge, seven story marble block
* At Ala-Too Square, there is an Independence monument where the changing of the guards may be watched.
* Osh bazaar, west of the downtown area, is a large, picturesque produce market
Outside the city
The Kyrgyz Ala-Too mountain range, some 40 kilometres (25 mi) away, provides a spectacular backdrop to the city; the Ala Archa National Park is only a 30-45 minute drive away. Its an alpine national park in the Tian Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan, a popular destination point for weekend picnicers, hikers, horse trekkers, skiers as well as mountain climbers looking for challenging ice, rock and mixed routes.